Constructive feedback is specific, actionable, and delivered in a way the recipient can hear.
**The SBI model (Situation–Behavior–Impact):** 1. **Situation:** When/where (be specific, not "always") 2. **Behavior:** What you observed (not interpreted), e.g., "you interrupted three times" 3. **Impact:** Effect on you/the team: "which made Sarah hesitate to continue"
**Do:** - Give feedback promptly (within 24–48 hours of the event) - Start with curiosity: "I noticed X — can you help me understand what happened?" - Focus on the behavior, not the person - Be specific: "the report lacked projected revenue" beats "the report needs work" - End with what success looks like: "next time, I'd love to see..."
**Don't:** - Sandwich feedback between compliments (the "compliment sandwich") — people hear the praise and ignore the criticism - Use "always" and "never" — triggers defensiveness - Give feedback in public (for critical feedback) - Pile on multiple issues in one session
**The goal:** The person should leave knowing exactly what to do differently.